Fountain pen



Oct. 27, 1964 R. A. I AwToN FOUNTAIN PEN 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed D60. 7. 1960 1.8% New mgm mw mw uw sw w mmm Nw .mw

IN1/Enron AY A, LAW-roh:

ATTYIS Oct. 27, 1964 FOUNTAIN PEN Filed Dec. 7, 1960 4 sheets-sheet 2 j ll.

' IN1/WWK RAY A. LAW'TON ATTYs Oct. 27, 1964 R. A. LAwToN 3,154,055

FOUNTAIN PEN Filed Deo. 7, 1960 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 RAY A. WTON R. A. LAWTON FOUNTAIN PEN 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Dec. 7. 1960 R. N s Q TIQN .31 m W f .n N T M m A :z ::wlllnmy H. .IIII @www .Tim J\ DVM. Xu @QN Y ANT@ NSN j l .,..-i New i ..Nm Sw NQ GN NQ QQN s WW Qmx ,Sw @u QN MQN RNN Wl NN @NN SNN I! .Wm HW l QNN/ l. En i 1I mm i J\ r1 .RN

ANN NNN. mvwbwm www United States Patent 3,154,055 FOUNTAIN PEN Ray A. Lawton, Milton, Wis., assignor to The Parker Pen Company, Janesville, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin Filed Dec. 7, 1960, Ser. No. 74,330 8 Claims. (Cl. 1Z0- 50) The present invention relates to fountain pens, and it more particularly relates to a new and improved fountain pen construction employing novel means for controlling the liow of ink from .the reservoir to the writing nib.

Fountain pens generally comprise a reservoir containing a supply of liquid ink, a writing nib or point, a feed mechanism for controllably conveying ink from the reservoir to the nib, and yan air return passageway for supplying replacement air to the reservoir to replace the ink which is used up in writing. It is particularly desirable that fountain pens be immune to Ileakage of ink, even under severe operating conditions, such, for example, as axial shaking of the pen. Various ink feeding arrangements are known in the prior art which substantially eliminate ink leakage but in order to improve the operation of fountain pens and to decrease the manuf-acturing cost of fountain pens, it would be desirable to provide 1a more simple ink feeding .and controlling structure which solves the leakage problem in such a way as Ito be inexpensive to manufacture and immune to operational failures.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved -feed system for controllably conveying ink to the writing nib of a fountain pen.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a new ,and improved fountain pen employing a novel arrangement for feeding ink to the writing nib and for feeding replacement air to the reservoir.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved -ink feeding mechanism in which abrupt axial movements of the pen will not cause appreciable leakage of ink therefrom.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide `a new and improved fountain pen employing a unitary feed bar havin-g a novel ink feed passageway therein which cooperates with `a plug type col-lector to provide a simple and yet effective Weir for supplying replacement air to the reservoir.

The above and further objects are realized in accordance with the present invention by providing a unitary feed bar Ihaving offset ink feeding grooves therein which are connected together solely by means of `an annular Weir chamber, one of the passageways extending into the reservoir and the other passageway extending to the 11i-b, which Weir chamber is `defined by ya portion of the feed bar and .a portion of a collector plug which surrounds the feed bar.

The invention both as to its organization and the method of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIGS. la and lb are longitudinal, sectional views of a fountain pen embodying the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a collector plug used in the pen of FIG. l;

FIG. 3 is a greatly enlarged, fragmentary cross-sectional view of the collector and feed mechanism of the fountain pen Ishown in FIGS. la and lb;

FIG. 4 is a top plan view of a feed bar embodying the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a side, elevational View of the feed bar shown in FIG. 4;

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FIG. 6 is a bottom plan view of the feed -bar shown in FIG. 4;

FIGS. 7, 8, 9, 10, 1l, l2 and 13 lare cross-sectional views taken along the corresponding section lines in FIG. 5;

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 14-14 in FIG. 2;

FIG. l5 is a fragmentary View, partly in section of a replaceable ink cartridge suitable for use in the pen of FIG. l;

FIG.16 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a rellable ink cartridge adapted for use in the pen of FIG. l;

FIG. 17 is a partially sectioned view illustrative of the assembly process used in manufacturing the ink reservoir shown in FIG. 16; and

FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 18-18 in FIG. 17.

Referring now to the drawings `and particularly to FIGS. la and lb thereof, there is shown a complete fountain pen Z0, the lower or forward portion being shown in section i-n FIG. la and the upper or rearward portion being shown in section in FIG. lb. As illustrated in FIGS. 1a and 1b the pen 20 includes a reiillable ink reservoir 21 of the piston and cylinder type, but it should be understood that because of its versatility, the pen 2l) may employ a replaceable throw-.away type 0f ink reservoir or cartridge 22 shown in FIG. l5 and described more fully hereinafter. Each of the reservoirs 21 and 22 have advantages which make it particularly suited for certain application-s, but less suitable for other applications. For example, the replaceable cartridge 22 makes it extremely easy to quickly replenish the ink supply of the pen by merely replacing the spent cartridge. On the other hand, the cost of the ink used in the rellable reservoir 2l is substantially less than the cost of ink purchased in -the separate cartridges 22. Since the pen 20 can be 1used with both types of reservoir, it has the advantage of versatility to the user While enabling the manufacturer of the pen to use the identical parts `and -assembly lines for making two basically diiferent types of pens.

The pen comprises a collector shell 23 having an externally threaded rear end portion 24 which co-acts with an internally threaded forward end portion 25 of a barrel member 26. Preferably the collector shell 23 and the barrel 26 are formed of any of the many suitable plastics used for this purpose. A metallic collar 27 is press-fitted onto the collector shell 23 to provide a stop against which the barrel 26 abuts when the barrel parts 23 and 26 are connected together. The threaded connection between the collector shell 23 and the barrel 26 enables ready disassembly of the two parts in order to rell the reservoir 21 or to replace the cartridge type reservoir 22.

An important feature of the pen 20 of the present invention is the fact that it consists of relatively few component parts, thus minimizing the inventory both of the manufacturer and those who provide maintenance for the pen. Moreover, the pen is easily disassembled thereby further facilitating repair and maintenance of the pen.

As shown in FIGS la and 1b, the operating mechanism or ink feeding and writing portion of the pen 20 comprises Ia nib collar 30, preferably molded of a suitable plastic, which is threadedly mounted in the forward end of the collector shell 23. The nib collar 30 includes an axial bore 31 in which a feed bar 33 and a writing nib 34 are mounted. As will be understood more clearly as the present description proceeds, the nib collar 30 provides the sole support for the feed bar 33 and the nib 34, thereby facilitating inspection, cleaning and replacement of the nib 34 and the feed bar 33.

A generally cylindrical collector plug 36, better shown in FIG. 2, loosely lits over the rearwardly extending portion of the fed bar 33 and is held at a predetermined 10- cation within the collector shell 23 by means of la nipple 37 which is threadedly received within the bore of the collector shell 23. The nipple 37 engages the rear end of the collector plug 36 and forces a forwardly facing annular shoulder 38 thereon against a rearwardly facing annular shoulder 39 in the bore of the collector shell 23. It is important that the shoulders 38 yand 39 be in abutment, and for this reason it will be noted that the forward end of the collector 36 does not seat on any portion of the shell 23 but is free to move axially therein.

In addition to locating the collector 36 in the collector shell 23, the nipple 37 also functions to mount the reservoir 21 in the pen and to couple the reservoir 21 to the feed bar 33. Consequently, the nipple 37 includes a centrally disposed, longitudinally extending tubular portion 41 having the rearward end 42 cut on a bias to provide a sharp, knife-like end for severing a portion of the replaceable cartridge reservoir 22 as described hereinafter in connection with FIG. l5.

The refllable reservoir 21 includes an ink supply or storage chamber 44 defined by a hollow cylinder 45 and a piston type plunger 46 which is axially movable within the bore of the cylinder 45 to fill the chamber 44. The cylinder 45 is slightly resilient and includes an open forward end of reduced diameter forming a collar 48 which ts snugly over the rearwardly extending portion of the tube 41 and partly into an annular recess 47 in the nipple 37 to effect an hermetic seal between the nipple 37 and the reservoir 21. Ink flowing out of the chamber 44 and replacement air owing into the chamber 44 thus respectively passes through the nipple 37 and through suitable passageways provided in the feed mechanism to and from the front end of the pen.

In order to provide a continuous supply of ink to the nib 34, the feed bar 33 extends into the chamber 44 whereby it is immersed in the ink in the chamber 44. The rear feed bar portion 50 is loosely received in the bore of the nipple 37, and extends to a location in proximity to the rearward end of the tube 41 so as to be bathed by the ink in the chamber 44. As best shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 the rear portion 50 of the feed bar 33 is semi-cylindrical having a flat longitudinally extending surface 49 provided with a capillary feed groove 51. As best shown in FIG. 13, the feed groove 51 has a generally V-shaped bottom providing an infinite capillary passageway along the feed groove 51. Because of the capillary attraction between the ink in the chamber 44 and the infinite capillary at the bottom of the feed groove 51 and groove 50 remains at least partially lled with ink as long as a supply of ink is contained within the chamber 44.

One necessary characteristic of any commercially satisfactory present day fountain pen is that it be substantially immune to leakage. One factor which may lead to leakage in a fountain pen is rapid and sudden axial movements of the pen. When such movement occurs, the natural inertia of the liquid in the pen tends to move it towards the nib and since the nib can only hold a small amount of ink, the ink thus moved to the nib will flow out of the pen. In the past, various arrangements and structures have been employed to prevent leakage under such conditions. For the most part such arrangements have been rather complex. An important feature of the pen embodying the present invention is the simplicity of the mechanism employed for preventing such leakage.

The feed groove 51, which is straight and which extends axially of the pen substantially along the principal longitudinal axis thereof, terminates abruptly at the location 51a (FIG. 4), and Va pair of feed grooves 53 and 54, which also extend axially of the pen 20 and therefore lie parallel to the feed groove 51, feed the ink from the groove 51 to the nib 34. The grooves 53 and 54 are entirely of capillary width and are, therefore, smaller in cross-sectional area than the groove 51. Accordingly, two such grooves are employed to insure that a suicient amount of ink is supplied to the nib 34. The feed grooves 53 and 54, which, as shown in FIGS. 8, 9, 10 and ll, are each provided with a V-shaped bottom portion to provide yan infinite capillary feed groove which insures a continuous flow of ink from the ink chamber 44 to the nib 34. The grooves 53 and 54 are displaced from but overlap with the forward portion of the feed groove 51 and all three of these grooves are connected together by means of an annular weir chamber 56 of capillary dimension located between the bore 57 in the collector 36 and the intermediate portion 57 of the feed bar 33. The feed passage is, therefore, discontinuous and ink is prevented frorn being shaken directly from the feed groove 51 to the nib 34 by virtue of the fact that in order for ink to travel from the groove 51 to the nib 34 it must first travel in a transverse direction through the annual chamber 56 and there is ordinarily no appreciable force component in the transverse direction to cause such movement.

In addition to connecting the feed grooves 53 and 54 With the feed groove 51 in order to inhibit leakage of ink from the pen, the chamber 56 also provides the sole weir which 'allows air to bubble through the 'tink and into the chamber 44 to substantially equalize the chamber pressure with that of the atmosphere. The feed groove 51 has an enlarged upper end 60 (FIG. l2) at the location of an enlargement 62. The enlargement 62 locates the feed bar 33 in the collector plug 36 and the widened portion 64B of the feed groove enables air to flow back into the charnber 44 without shutting off the supply of ink to `the nib 34. In the absence of a Weir, as the ink -in the pen was used a vacuum would be built up in the chamber 44 until the pressure differential between the atmosphere and that in the chamber became sufficiently great to prevent the further llow of ink out of the chamber 44. Accordingly, the nib would be starved and the pen would appear to be dry even though a substantial amount of ink was contained within the chamber 44. In the same regard, air is supplied to the annular weiring chamber 56 for the aforementioned reason vi a an air feed channel 61, best shown in FIGS. 6, 9 and 1l, provided in the bottom of the feed bar 36. Although the channel 61 opens into the Weir chamber 56, the channel 61 is Isufciently large that ink will not flow -tinto it and thus does not flow out of the pen through the channel 61.

The slot 78 and the infinite capillary 82, hereinafter described normally have ink in them but the fluid pressure is such that ink cannot be dnawn into the collector chamber 77 by capillary forces. A leak condition occurs when the external, or atmospheric pressure is reduced with respect to the air pressure in the reservoir 44. This in turn results in a decrease in fthe fluid pressure at the infinite capillary 82 which permits the opposing capillary force available in the collector chamber 77 to draw ink from the reservoir. As ink is drawn from the reservoir 44, the pressure difference between that in the reservoir and external pressure is decreased. As this pressure differential decreases the pressure opposing the capillary forces of the collector chamber '77 increases until equilibrium occurs and there is no further movement of the ink in the chamber 77.

The capillary force exerted by collector chamber 77 is ordinarily less than that of the weiring chamber 56 consequently, upon drawing ink from the pen as in writing, tink will be written Vout of the collector chamber 77 before a bubble of airis able to enter through the weiring chamber 56.

In order to locate the feed bar 33 in the nib collar 30, a rearwardly facing shoulder 66 on the bottom portion of the feed bar 33 abuts against the lower portion of Ian annular rabbet 67 in the nib collar 30. The upper surface of the forward portion of the feed bar 33, herein designated 65, conforms to the inner or lower surface of the writing nib 34 to provide a large area capillary connection between the feed grooves 53 and 54 and the writing nib 34 which insures a plentiful supply of ink for the ntib. The nib 34 is located in the collar 30 by means of its rearwardly facing shoulder 68 which abuts against the upper part of the shoulder 67 when the nib and feed bar assembly @is disposed in the nib collar 30. As best shown in FIG. 1a, the nib 34 is offset to provide the shoulder 68 and a shoulder 69 which locates the nib 34 on the feed bar 33. The nib 34 and the feed bar 33 are together pressfitted into the nib collar 30 to provide a tight fit between the nib 34 and the feed bar 33 and thereby to hold the nib 34 in place in the pen 20.

As best shown in FIG. 7 the lower portions of the feed grooves 53 and 54 which underlie the nib 34 are not provided with an infinite capillary alt the bottom as are the remaining portions of the grooves 53 and 54 lso that the ink which is fed to the nib 34 is pulled out of the feed grooves 53 and 54 by the greater capillarity provided between the nib 34 and the adjoining surface of the feed bar 33.

It is important that la large area capillary connection be provided between the feed grooves 53 and 54 and the nib 34 in order to maintain a plentiful supply of ink at the nib 34. Although a capillary passage of sufficient area can be provided between the nib and the feed bar by maintaining close tolerances on both the nib and feed bar dimensions, the cost of manufacturing the feed bar 33 can be greatly reduced if ift is molded in its final condition rather than first molded and later machined. Therefore, in accordance wtith an important feature of the present invention the feed bar 33 is molded of plastic with a protuberance 70 on the upper surface of the forward end thereof. The height of the protuberance 70 is such that when the nib 34 is placed on the feed bar 33 and pressed intto the collar 30, the nib 34 is stressed and deformed upwardly as shown iin FIG. 5. By its very nature, the nib 34, which is preferably made of gold, is resilient, this as well known in the prior art, being a desirable if not a necessary attribute of a writing nib.

In yorder to cause the adjoining surface of the feed bar 33 to conform to the surface `of the nib 34, the end of the feed bar 33 with the nib and collar assembled thereto is heated by suitable means, as, for example, by dipping it in hot water to soften the end of the feed bar 33 which may be, for example, formed of methyl methacrylate. When the protuberance 70 softens, the pressure exerted thereon by the nib 34 forms the pnotuberance 70 into the complementary of the bottom surface of the nib 34. An extremely close fit is thus provided between the nib 30 and the adjacent pant of the feed bar 34 to insure a passageway of capillary dimension between the feed channels 53 and 54 and the nib 30.

Another condition which commonly arises and which tends to cause ink to leak fnom a fountain pen is a relatively rapid drop in the atmospheric or ambient pressure. This causes the pressure in the ink chamber 44 to exceed the pressure outside the pen which thus tends to force ink out of the chamber 44 until the internal and external pressures on the ink are equalized. In the prior art, it is known to provide an overflow or collector chamber for temporarily storing the ink which is thus forced out of the chamber 44. Ink :ils thus prevented from flowing directly out of the pen. In the pen 20 of the present invention, an overflow `or collector chamber is also provided for this same purpose. But the structure which provides this chamber is simpler than that provided in the prior art while operating both effectively and rapidly.

Referring now particularly to FIGS. 2 and 3, the collector plug 36 is provided with a forwardly disposed flange 75, which centers lthe forward end of the collector plug 36 within the shell 23, and a rearwardly disposed flange 76 which provides the forwardly facing shoulder 38 for accurately locating the plug 36 within the collector shell 23.

An annular area 79 of reduced external diameter is thus provided between the flanges and 76 Iand co-acts with the bore of the collector shell 23 to provide an annular collector or overflow chamber 77 which becomes narrower towards the rear of the pen. When an overow condition occurs, the collector or overflow chamber 77 is fed with ink by means of a capillary slot 78 which is connected to the weiring chamber 56. The slot 78 has a width of capillary dimension so as to exert a force on the ink 'tending to draw it out of the weiring chamber 56 into the slot 78. The collector chamber 77 is connected to the atmosphere by means of a `slot 80 which is disposed diametrically opposite to 4the slot 78 but which, unlike the slot 78, continues through the forward flange 75 and is thus connected to the yatmosphere by way of the channel 61. While the slot 78 is of capillary dimension having a width of approximately .005 inch, the slot 80 is much wider having a width of approximately .030 so that the slot 80 does not have capillary dimensions and therefore ink cannot normally flow out of the pen from the collector reservoir 77 through the slot 80.

During normal operation of the pen when an overflow condition does not exist, the atmospheric pressure exerted on the ink in the weir 56 is equal to the sum of the opposite forces tending -to` drive the ink in the opposite direction. These latter forces are the force of capillary attraction attempting to pull the ink into the slot 78, and the force exerted on the ink by the pressure within the ink chamber 44 when these two opposite forces are equal, the ink remains stationary in the pen, but when the atmospheric pressure becomes less than the sum of the chamber pressure and the capillary pressure, ink moves up into the slot 78 and collector chamber 77 and out of the ink chamber 44 thereby lowering the pressure within the chamber 44. This movement of ink continues until 'the internal and external forces on the ink are again equalized. The slot 78 necessarily has a very small volume and once it has been filled, the ink which is being forced out of the chamber 44 flows into the substantially large collector chamber 77.

In order to insure 'that the ink from the filled slot 78 rapidly transfers to the larger overflow chamber 77, there is provided an infinite capillary 82 at the rear end of the overflow chamber 77 in direct contact with the slot 78. As shown, the infinite capillary 82 is disposed at the junction between the ange 76 and the shell 23. Inasmuch as the abutting shoulders 38 and 39 on the collector 36 and on the collector shell 23 provide the `sole axial locating means for the plug 36, a tight fit between the collector plug 36 and the collector shell 23 at the desired location of the infinite capillary 82 is assured. Once an overflow condition has occurred and ink has owed from the slot 78 into the chamber 77, the infinite capillary 82 causes a small amount of ink to remain in the infinite capillary 82 even after the overflow condition has ended and all of the ink has effectively flowed from the chamber 77 and the slot '78 back into the weir 56. The collector chamber 77 thus remains wetted at the point of juncture with the slot 78 so that a rapid Itransfer of ink from the slot 78 to the large chamber 77 will occur when an overflow condition next exists. Without the infinite capillary connection 82, this transition might be suiciently retarded that the pressure would equalize itself by causing ink to flow past t-he slot 78 to the front of the nib and hence leak from the pen.

As noted hereinbefore, the collector plug 36 has no required angular orientation within the collector shell Z3 or with respect to the feed bar 33. To this end, and to minimize the tolerances which must be maintained on the various dimensions of the plug 36, which is preferably molded of plastic, the forward end of the plug 36 is provided with a counterbore 84 which communicates with the slot 80 and which serves to insure the free passage of air from the channel 61 in the feed bar 33 to the slot 8.0'

7 irrespective of the relative angular positions of the feed bar 33 and the collector 36.

Refer now to FIG. 16 for a more detailed description of the refillable ink reservoir 21. As described hereinbefore in connection with FIG. 1a, the reservoir 21 comprises a hollow cylinder 45 forming the ink chamber 44. Preferably 'the cylinder 45 is formed of a transparent material so that when the barrel 26 is removed from the collector shell 23 the amount of ink in the chamber 44 may be determined merely by looking at the level of ink in the cylinder 45. The rearward end of the cylinder 45 has Va tapered counter bore 100 into which a tubular shell 101, also formed of plastic, is inserted and secured thereto by suitable means such, for example, as spin welding. A metallic band 102 surrounds the rear end of the cylinder 45 to facilitate handling of the reservoir 21 and for improving the general appearance thereof.

The shell 101 has an internally extending annular flange 102a at the rearward end thereof providing a forwardly facing shoulder 103 against which a complementary shoulder 104 on a rotary feed member 105 abuts. As best shown in FIG. 17, the feed member 105 is provided with a pair of longitudinaly disposed slots S which provide relatively weak areas which permit 'temporary deformation of the member 105 during assembly of the reservoir 21 when the forward end of the feed member 105 is inserted into the rearward end of the feed shell 101. As shown, the shoulder 104 is the rearward termination of an outwardly fiared, annular portion 109 which serves as a wedge to compress the member 105 in the vicinity of the slots 108 as the feed member 105 is inserted into the shell 101. Once, however, the shoulder 104 passes beyond the shoulder 103, the natural resiliency of the feed member 105 causes the ared portion 109 to spring out- Wardly thereby to permanently lock the member 105 in place while permitting relative rotation between the feed member 105 and the shell 101. As shown, the feed member 105 is provided with an internal square thread 112 extending throughout the length thereof which mates with an external thread 113 on a rearwardly extending arm 114 of the piston 46. The arm 114 is rectangular in cross-section to minimize the friction between the piston 46 and the feed member 105 thereby facilitating the filling of the pen. It will be understood that in assemblying the reservoir 21, the piston 46 is positioned within the cylinder 45 prior to the assembly of the shell 101 and the feed member 105 to the cylinder 45.

As best shown in FIG. 18 both the shell 101 and the feed member 105, which are rotatable with respect to one another, are provided with external flutes or serrations 117 and 11S to provide finger grip portions for facilitating relative rotation between the two to move the piston 46 back and forth within the chamber 44.

An important feature of the reservoir 21 is that the feed member 105 is provided with what may be termed a left-handed thread so that as the feed member 105 is rotated clockwise, relative to the shell 101, the piston 46 moves rearwardly to increase the capacity of the chamber 44. The reason for .this type of thread is that the normal tendency of persons is to rotate something in a clockwise direction, whether or not they know what the effect of such rotation will be. Accordingly, a person picking up the pen would in the first instance have the urge to rotate the feed member 105 clockwise which would, if the reservoir 44 were full of ink, and if a righthand thread were used, squirt ink out of the yfront of the pen. However, by using the left-hand thread, when the feed member 105 is rotated clockwise, the piston 46 is retracted without the undesirable effect of squirting ink.

As shown, the forward end of the piston 46 is provided with a resilient O-ring 120 received in an annular recess to insure a tight seal across the piston to prevent air from leaking past the piston 46 into the chamber 44.

In use, the reservoir 21 may be filled by immersing the nib 34 in ink While ,the reservoir 21 is assembled toy the pen '20 orV the reservoir 21 may be filled by first disassembling it from the pen and then dipping the collar 48 into a supply of ink. In both cases, the `feed member is rotated clockwise to withdraw the piston 46 from the forward end of the chamber 44 to the rearward end thereof thereby sucking ink up into the chamber 44.

As mentioned above the pen 20 is suitable for use with the refillable reservoir 21 and it is also adapted for use with a replaceable throw-away type ink cartridge 22 shown in FIG. 15. The throw-away cartridge 22 comprises a generally tubular plastic member 122 having a closed rearward end 123 and an open forward end 124 into which a plug 125, having a rabbet 126 is pressfitted. The plug 125 is fitted into the open end 124 after the tube 122 has been filled with ink. Thereafter, suitable means such as heat sealing is used to permanently seal the plug 125 to the tube 1212. As shown, the plug 125 is provided with a forward bore 127 and a rearward bore 128 separated by a thin wall 129 which is an integral part of the plug 125.

In use, the cartridge 22 is placed over the rearwardly extending tubular portion 41 of the nipple 37 with the tube 41 extending into the bore 127. By pushing the two parts together, the sharp end 42 `of the nipple 37 partially severs the wall 129 from the plug 1125 and presses the Wall 129 into the dotted line position shown in FIG. l5 where it is out of the way of the bore in the nipple 37, and cannot interfere with the free ow of ink from the cartridge 22. Inasmuch as the plug 125 is slightly resilient andthe diameter of ythe bore 127 is equal to or slightly less than the external diameter of the tube 41, Ian air-tight seal is provided between the nipple 37 and the plug 12S. Consequently, ink cannot leak from the reservoir nor can air leak into the reservoir. Moreover, the resiliency of the collar 125 removably secures the cartridge 22 to the nipple 37.

While the present invention has been described in connection with a particular embodiment thereof, it will be understood that those skilled in the art may make many changes andmodiiications without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims are intended to cover all such change and modifications.

I claim:

1. In a fountain pen having a vacuum type ink reservoir, a writing nib, `and an ink feed and control mechanism for conveying ink from said reservoir to said writing nib, said ink feed and control mechanism comprising a feed bar having first and second longitudinally extending capillary grooves disposed therein partially overlapping side-by-side relationship, said nib being mounted over one end of said feed bar .and the opposite end of said feed bar extending into said reservoir lwherein it is normally bathed in ink, said second capillary groove extending from said reservoir to a location remote from sa-id nib, said first capillary groove extending from beneath said nib to a location remote from said reservoir, said feed bar having an intermediate portion at the location of the overlapping portions of said capillary grooves having an external diameter substantially less than the adjacent portions of the feed bar, a cylindrical collector plug loosely surrounding at least said lessened diameter portion of said feed bar and having `an internal diameter substantially greater than the external diameter of said feed bar at said portion to provide an annular weir chamber of capillary dimension surround-ing said feed bar and the upper portions of said second capillary groove, said second capillary groove having an enlarged upper portion of greater than capillary dimension communicating the reduced diameter portion of said `feed bar to said reservoir to provide a passageway for the transfer of air from said weir chamber to said reservoir.

2. In a fountain pen having a vacuum type ink reservoir and a writing nib, an ink feed and control mechanism comprising means defining an annular Weir chamber of suliicient size to permit air bubbles to pass through a liquid ink contained therein, said weir chamber being of capillary size and displaced from both said nib and said reservior, means defining a capillary channel remote from said nib and connected between said reservoir and said Weir chamber for carrying ink from said reservoir to said Weir chamber, means defining a capillary channel remote from said reservoir and connected between said weir chamber and said nib for carrying ink from said weir chamber to said nib, said capillary channels being in mutually unaligned overlapping relationship with the overlapping portions thereof being disposed within said Weir chambers, means defining an air passageway remote from said channels connecting said weir chamber to the exterior of said pen for supplying air at substantially atmospheric pressure to said weir chamber, said air passageway having a lower force of capillary attraction on the ink in said Weir chamber than the capillary force of attraction exerted thereon by said Weir chamber, and means defining a non-capillary passageway connecting said Weir chamber to said reservoir for carrying replacement air from said weir chamber to said reservoir.

3. In a fountain pen having an ink reservoir, a writing nib, and an ink feed and control mechanism for conveying ink from said reservoir to said writing nib, said ink feed and control mechanism comprising,

a feed bar having first and second capillary grooves disposed therein in side-by-side partially overlapping relationship,

said nib being tightly fited over one end of said bar to provide a capillary space between said nib and said bar directly communicating with said first capillary groove,

said first capillary groove extending from said nib to a location remote fro msaid reservoir,

said second capillary groove extending into said reservoir thereby to be bathed in ink held in said reservoir,

means surrounding said feed bar and cooperating therewith to define an annular chamber of capillary dimension directly communicating with the overlapping portions of said capillary grooves,

said annular chamber having a substantial forward to rearward dimension and extending rearwardly of said overlapping portions of said capillary grooves,

said annular chamber tapering inwardly toward the forward end to provide a greater capillary force at the location of said overlapping portions of said grooves and a gradually decreasing capillary force rearward of said location,

said rearward portion of said annular chamber being of suiciently large size to constitute a Weir through which replacement air may bubble back to said reservoir,

first air passageway means connecting said rearward Weir portion of said annular chamber to the exterior of said pen, and

second air passageway means for conducting air from said Weir portion of said annular chamber to said reservoir,

4. A device as set forth in claim 3 wherein said second air passageway means includes a channel in said feed bar overlying only an intermediate portion of said second capillary groove.

5. A device as set forth in claim 3 wherein said means surrounding said feed bar is an elongated tubular member providing a collector chamber in communication with the overlapping portions of said capillary grooves.

6. A device as set forth in claim 5 wherein said tubular collector member is provided with an elongated slot of capillary dimension connecting to said annular weir chamber from the forward end thereof in proximity to the overlapping portions of said capillary grooves to the enlarged weir portion of said chamber, said slot forming a part of said first air passageway means.

7. A device as set forth in claim 3 wherein said feed bar is provided with a third capillary groove extending parallel to and coextensive with said first capillary groove, said second capillary groove terminating at a location intermediate said first and third capillary grooves.

8. A feed system for a fountain pen comprising means defining first and second capillary passageways disposed in off-set parallel relationship and respectively extending from an ink reservoir and from a Writing nib, means defining an annular chamber of capillary dimension overlying and interconnecting said passageways at a location intermediate said reservoir and said nib, said chamber having a substantial axial dimension exceeding the length of the overlapping portions of said passageways, the portion of said annular chamber are filled with liquid ink, viding a sufiiciently high capillary to prevent the passage of air therethrough when said passageways and said por- -tion of said annui-ar chamber are filled with liquid ink, the rearward portion of said annular chamber being of lesser capillarity than the forward portion thereof to consttute a Weir through which replacement air may bubble back from the ink in said annular chamber to said reservoir, first air pasageway means connecting said Weir portion of said annular chamber to the exterior of said pen and second air passageway means conecting the rearward weir portion of said annular chamber to said reservoir.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,107,150 Heising Feb. 1, 1938 2,110,578 Prasch Mar. 8, 1938 2,129,134 Johnson Sept. 6, 1938 2,766,728 Kovacs Oct. 16, 1956 2,919,677 Mansheim Jan. 5, 1960 FOREIGN PATENTS 708,633 Great Britain 'May 5, 1954 835,414 Germany Mar. 31, 1952 929,775 France July 22, 1947 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE 0F CORRECTIN Patent No.. 3Yl54v055 October 2L 1964 I Ray An Lawton lt is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as Corrected below.

Column 8Y line 42Y for "Change" read changes column 9Y line 131 for "chambers" read chamber line 30 for fitedu read fitted 1; line 35x1 for "fro msaid" read from said column lO7 line 3SI for 'reservoim read reservoir. same column lOV lines 32 and 33 strike out "the portion of said annular chamber are filled with liquid ink" and insert instead the portion of said chamber overlapping said passageways pro- Signed and sealed this 27th day of April 1965.,

(SEAL) Attest:

ERNEST w. SWIDER EDWARD J. BRENNER Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents 

1. IN A FOUNTAIN PEN HAVING A VACUUM TYPE INK RESERVOIR, A WRITING NIB, AND AN INK FEED AND CONTROL MECHANISM FOR CONVEYING INK FROM SAID RESERVOIR TO SAID WRITING NIB, SAID INK FEED AND CONTROL MECHANISM COMPRISING A FEED BAR HAVING FIRST AND SECOND LONGITUDINALLY EXTENDING CAPILLARY GROOVES DISPOSED THEREIN IN PARTIALLY OVERLAPPING SIDE-BY-SIDE RELATIONSHIP, SAID NIB BEING MOUNTED OVER ONE END OF SAID FEED BAR AND THE OPPOSITE END OF SAID FEED BAR EXTENDING INTO SAID RESERVOIR WHEREIN IT IS NORMALLY BATHED IN INK, SAID SECOND CAPILLARY GROOVE EXTENDING FROM SAID RESERVOIR TO A LOCATION REMOTE FROM SAID NIB, SAID FIRST CAPILLARY GROOVE EXTENDING FROM BENEATH SAID NIB TO A LOCATION REMOTE FROM SAID RESERVOIR, SAID FEED BAR HAVING AN INTERMEDIATE PORTION AT THE LOCATION OF THE OVERLAPPING PORTIONS OF SAID CAPILLARY GROOVES HAVING AN EXTERNAL DIAMETER SUBSTANTIALLY LESS THAN THE ADJACENT PORTIONS OF THE FEED BAR, A CYLINDRICAL COLLECTOR PLUG LOOSELY SURROUNDING AT LEAST SAID LESSENED DIAMETER PORTION OF SAID FEED BAR AND HAVING AN INTERNAL DIAMETER SUBSTANTIALLY GREATER THAN THE EXTERNAL DIAMETER OF SAID FEED BAR AT SAID PORTION TO PROVIDE AN ANNULAR WEIR CHAMBER OF CAPILLARY DIMENSION SURROUNDING SAID FEED BAR AND THE UPPER PORTIONS OF SAID SECOND CAPILLARY GROOVE, SAID SECOND CAPILLARY GROOVE HAVING AN ENLARGED UPPER PORTION OF GREATER THAN CAPILLARY DIMENSION COMMUNICATING THE REDUCED DIAMETER PORTION OF SAID FEED BAR TO SAID RESERVOIR TO PROVIDE A PASSAGEWAY FOR THE TRANSFER OF AIR FROM SAID WEIR CHAMBER TO SAID RESERVOIR.
 2. IN A FOUNTAIN PEN HAVING A VACUUM TYPE INK RESERVOIR AND A WRITING NIB, AN INK FEED AND CONTROL MECHANISM COMPRISING MEANS DEFINING AN ANNULAR WEIR CHAMBER OF SUFFICIENT SIZE TO PERMIT AIR BUBBLES TO PASS THROUGH A LIQUID INK CONTAINED THEREIN, SAID WEIR CHAMBER BEING OF CAPILLARY SIZE AND DISPLACED FROM BOTH SAID NIB AND SAID RESERVIOR, MEANS DEFINING A CAPILLARY CHANNEL REMOTE FROM SAID NIB AND CONNECTED BETWEEN SAID RESERVOIR AND SAID WEIR CHAMBER FOR CARRYING INK FROM SAID RESERVOIR TO SAID WEIR CHAMBER, MEANS DEFINING A CAPILLARY CHANNEL REMOTE FROM SAID RESERVOIR AND CONNECTED BETWEEN SAID WEIR CHAMBER AND SAID NIB FOR CARRYING INK FROM SAID WEIR CHAMBER TO SAID NIB, SAID CAPILLARY CHANNELS BEING IN MUTUALLY UNALIGNED OVERLAPPING RELATIONSHIP WITH THE OVERLAPPING PORTIONS THEREOF BEING DISPOSED WITHIN SAID WEIR CHAMBERS, MEANS DEFINING AN AIR PASSAGEWAY REMOTE FROM SAID CHANNELS CONNECTING SAID WEIR CHAMBER TO THE EXTERIOR OF SAID PEN FOR SUPPLYING AIR AT SUBSTANTIALLY ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE TO SAID WEIR CHAMBER, SAID AIR PASSAGEWAY HAVING A LOWER FORCE OF CAPILLARY ATTRACTION ON THE INK IN SAID WEIR CHAMBER THAN THE CAPILLARY FORCE OF ATTRACTION EXERTED THEREON BY SAID WEIR CHAMBER, AND MEANS DEFINING A NON-CAPILLARY PASSAGEWAY CONNECTING SAID WEIR CHAMBER TO SAID RESERVOIR FOR CARRYING REPLACEMENT AIR FROM SAID WEIR CHAMBER TO SAID RESERVOIR. 